cx_Oracle pip install failed: oci.h: No such file or directory

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cx_Oracle pip install fails: oci.h: No such file or directory

我对这个有点迷茫。我还尝试安装旧版本的 cx_Oracle，我已将其安装在单独的 virtualenv 中，但它也在同一个地方失败并显示相同的错误消息。

$ pip install cx_Oracle

(...)



cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:12:16: error: xa.h: No such file or directory



error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

(...)

----------------------------------------

Cleaning up...

Command /R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/python -c"import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\

\

', '\

'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-g5eyNG-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /R/.virtualenv/myenv/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>

  sys.exit(main())

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main

  return command.main(cmd_args)

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main

  text = '\

'.join(complete_log)

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 70: ordinal not in range(128)
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

cd $ORACLE_HOME

unzip /sdk/ottclasses.zip

cp -R ./sdk/* .

cp -R ./sdk/include/* .

ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

ln -s libocci.so.12.1 libocci.so
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7-12c/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.2.1

cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:27:2: error: #error Unsupported version of OCI.
-I dir Add the directory dir to the list of directories to be searched for header files. ....-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo 

-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public 

-I/usr/include/python2.7pip install cx_Oracle --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-I/home/oracle/instantclient_12_1/sdk/include"

完整的错误日志

我在尝试 pip install cx_oracle 时遇到了类似的错误，即使在安装 Oracle 即时客户端之后，并且在设置 $ORACLE_HOME 和 $LD_LIBRARY_PATH 以包含客户端的路径之后。

听起来您可能已经安装了 Instant Client，但没有安装 Instant Client SDK。 SDK 是一个单独的下载/安装，cx_oracle 似乎需要两者，因为缺少的包含(\\'oci.h\\' 和所有其余部分)位于 SDK 中。

如果您还没有去过那里，可以在这里找到 Oracle Instant Client / SDK 下载页面：

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/database/features/instant-client/index-097480.html

假设您已经下载并安装了适合您平台的客户端，例如这个：

oracle-instantclient11.2-basic-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip

您还需要下载并安装相应的 SDK，例如这个：

oracle-instantclient11.2-sdk-11.2.0.1.0-1.x86_64.zip

只要 SDK 安装在 ORACLE_HOME 和 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 路径中的某处，包含应该会解析。

问题在于 bschulz 指出的 SDK 不存在。我能够通过以下步骤解决此问题：

  • 下载并安装/解压 $ORACLE_HOME 中的 "instantclient-basic" 和 "instantclient-sdk"。

    你可以从这里获得它们

  • 设置/etc/environment

    $ pip install cx_Oracle

(...)



cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:12:16: error: xa.h: No such file or directory



error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

(...)

----------------------------------------

Cleaning up...

Command /R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/python -c"import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\

\

', '\

'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-g5eyNG-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /R/.virtualenv/myenv/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>

  sys.exit(main())

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main

  return command.main(cmd_args)

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main

  text = '\

'.join(complete_log)

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 70: ordinal not in range(128)
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

cd $ORACLE_HOME

unzip /sdk/ottclasses.zip

cp -R ./sdk/* .

cp -R ./sdk/include/* .

ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

ln -s libocci.so.12.1 libocci.so
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7-12c/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.2.1

cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:27:2: error: #error Unsupported version of OCI.
-I dir Add the directory dir to the list of directories to be searched for header files. ....-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo 

-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public 

-I/usr/include/python2.7pip install cx_Oracle --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-I/home/oracle/instantclient_12_1/sdk/include"

    • 现在运行 pip install cx_Oracle==5.3

    我遵循了这些，它为我成功安装了 5.3。

    您可能需要安装一些额外的依赖项，这些依赖项列在您应该下载/安装的软件包的文档中。

    在 Mac OS 上也经历过同样的事情。

    首先，我已遵循此答案并通过 brew 安装了 instantclient-basic 和 instantclient-sqlplus。

    然后按照同样的想法，我也下载了 SDK Package (instantclient-sdk-macos.x64-19.3.0.0.0dbru.zip) 并执行：

    brew install instantclient-sdk

    来自 cx_Oracle 6：

    • PyPI 上有二进制轮子，所以很多人不需要

      编译

    • 如果确实需要编译，Oracle 头文件不是

      需要，并且你不应该/不需要在使用 Oracle 时设置 ORACLE_HOME

      即时客户端。

    在 cx_Oracle 5.2 和 5.3 中，如果您使用 Instant Client RPM，则无需在安装时设置 ORACLE_HOME，也无需在运行时设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH。如果您使用 Instant Client zip(或真正的 DB $ORACLE_HOME 安装)，您可以在安装 cx_Oracle 之前设置 FORCE_RPATH=1。如果你这样做，你将不需要在运行时设置 LD_LIBRARY_PATH。这个特性在 cx_Oracle 中已经有几个版本了。

    正如 bschulz 解释的，这个问题通常通过设置 ORACLE_HOME 和 LD_LIBRARY_PATH 环境变量来确保 gcc 可以访问头文件来解决。

    就我而言，它没有解决问题，但检查错误跟踪给了我解决问题的提示。

    执行 pip install cx_Oracle 显示此错误：

    $ pip install cx_Oracle

(...)



cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:12:16: error: xa.h: No such file or directory



error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

(...)

----------------------------------------

Cleaning up...

Command /R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/python -c"import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\

\

', '\

'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-g5eyNG-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /R/.virtualenv/myenv/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>

  sys.exit(main())

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main

  return command.main(cmd_args)

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main

  text = '\

'.join(complete_log)

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 70: ordinal not in range(128)
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

cd $ORACLE_HOME

unzip /sdk/ottclasses.zip

cp -R ./sdk/* .

cp -R ./sdk/include/* .

ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

ln -s libocci.so.12.1 libocci.so
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7-12c/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.2.1

cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:27:2: error: #error Unsupported version of OCI.
-I dir Add the directory dir to the list of directories to be searched for header files. ....-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo 

-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public 

-I/usr/include/python2.7pip install cx_Oracle --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-I/home/oracle/instantclient_12_1/sdk/include"

    在 man gcc:

    中查找 -I 标志

    $ pip install cx_Oracle

(...)



cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:12:16: error: xa.h: No such file or directory



error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

(...)

----------------------------------------

Cleaning up...

Command /R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/python -c"import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\

\

', '\

'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-g5eyNG-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /R/.virtualenv/myenv/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>

  sys.exit(main())

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main

  return command.main(cmd_args)

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main

  text = '\

'.join(complete_log)

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 70: ordinal not in range(128)
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

cd $ORACLE_HOME

unzip /sdk/ottclasses.zip

cp -R ./sdk/* .

cp -R ./sdk/include/* .

ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

ln -s libocci.so.12.1 libocci.so
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7-12c/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.2.1

cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:27:2: error: #error Unsupported version of OCI.
-I dir Add the directory dir to the list of directories to be searched for header files. ....-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo 

-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public 

-I/usr/include/python2.7pip install cx_Oracle --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-I/home/oracle/instantclient_12_1/sdk/include"

    所以问题出在这些标志值上：

    $ pip install cx_Oracle

(...)



cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:12:16: error: xa.h: No such file or directory



error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

(...)

----------------------------------------

Cleaning up...

Command /R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/python -c"import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\

\

', '\

'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-g5eyNG-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /R/.virtualenv/myenv/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>

  sys.exit(main())

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main

  return command.main(cmd_args)

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main

  text = '\

'.join(complete_log)

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 70: ordinal not in range(128)
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

cd $ORACLE_HOME

unzip /sdk/ottclasses.zip

cp -R ./sdk/* .

cp -R ./sdk/include/* .

ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

ln -s libocci.so.12.1 libocci.so
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7-12c/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.2.1

cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:27:2: error: #error Unsupported version of OCI.
-I dir Add the directory dir to the list of directories to be searched for header files. ....-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo 

-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public 

-I/usr/include/python2.7pip install cx_Oracle --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-I/home/oracle/instantclient_12_1/sdk/include"

    我无法真正说出为什么将 -I 标志设置为这些值，但使其工作的简单方法是修改从 pip 命令行传递正确值的标志：

    $ pip install cx_Oracle

(...)



cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:12:16: error: xa.h: No such file or directory



error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

(...)

----------------------------------------

Cleaning up...

Command /R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/python -c"import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\

\

', '\

'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-g5eyNG-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile --install-headers /R/.virtualenv/myenv/include/site/python2.7 failed with error code 1 in /R/.virtualenv/myenv/build/cx-Oracle

Traceback (most recent call last):

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/bin/pip", line 11, in <module>

  sys.exit(main())

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 185, in main

  return command.main(cmd_args)

 File"/R/.virtualenv/myenv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/pip/basecommand.py", line 161, in main

  text = '\

'.join(complete_log)

UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe2 in position 70: ordinal not in range(128)
export ORACLE_HOME=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/opt/oracle/instantclient_12_2

cd $ORACLE_HOME

unzip /sdk/ottclasses.zip

cp -R ./sdk/* .

cp -R ./sdk/include/* .

ln -s libclntsh.so.12.1 libclntsh.so

ln -s libocci.so.12.1 libocci.so
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo -I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c cx_Oracle.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7-12c/cx_Oracle.o -DBUILD_VERSION=5.2.1

cx_Oracle.c:10:17: error: oci.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:11:18: error: orid.h: No such file or directory

cx_Oracle.c:27:2: error: #error Unsupported version of OCI.
-I dir Add the directory dir to the list of directories to be searched for header files. ....-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/demo 

-I/home/oracle/product/12.1.0/rdbms/public 

-I/usr/include/python2.7pip install cx_Oracle --global-option=build_ext --global-option="-I/home/oracle/instantclient_12_1/sdk/include"

    这样一个新的 -I 值被发送到 gcc 并且安装正确结束。

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